Lockdowns Done Right: Protecting Students Without Creating Additional Trauma

School lockdowns are one of the most important tools available for protecting students and staff during emergencies. Whether initiated because of an intruder, police activity nearby, or another credible threat, lockdowns have the potential to save lives.

However, according to the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), how a lockdown is planned, communicated, and conducted matters just as much as having one in place. Poorly executed lockdowns—or overly realistic drills—can unintentionally create fear, anxiety, and lasting psychological stress for students and staff.

The goal isn't simply to prepare schools for emergencies—it's to do so in a way that protects both physical safety and emotional well-being.

Lockdowns Should Be Part of a Comprehensive Safety Plan

NASP recommends that lockdown procedures be developed as part of a broader emergency preparedness strategy rather than as a standalone policy. Effective planning should include collaboration among administrators, school psychologists and mental health professionals, school resource officers, law enforcement, and crisis response teams.

Schools should also consider the diverse needs of their populations, including:

• Students of different developmental ages

• Individuals with disabilities or mobility limitations

• Students with previous trauma experiences

• Language and cultural considerations when communicating with families

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When emergency plans are designed with these factors in mind, schools are better equipped to respond effectively while minimizing unnecessary distress.

Not Every Situation Requires the Same Response

One of the most valuable recommendations in the NASP guidance is recognizing that not all lockdowns should look the same.

The document distinguishes between two different responses:

Secured Perimeter (Lockout)When there is a potential concern outside the building, exterior and classroom doors are locked while instruction continues inside. This approach limits disruption and generally creates less stress for students and staff.

Full-Scale LockdownReserved for situations involving an imminent threat, this response may include locking or barricading doors, covering windows, turning off lights, and remaining silent until the danger has passed. Because these situations can be highly stressful, NASP recommends using full lockdowns only when truly necessary.

Choosing the least disruptive response that still protects students can reduce unnecessary anxiety while maintaining safety.

Preparation Should Build Confidence—Not Fear

Training is essential, but NASP cautions against conducting highly sensory or overly realistic lockdown drills that may frighten students or staff.

Instead, schools should:

• Announce drills ahead of time.

• Provide age-appropriate explanations.

• Train staff annually.

• Practice procedures in ways that increase confidence rather than fear.

• Coordinate planning with local law enforcement before emergencies occur.

Students learn best when they understand why procedures exist and trust the adults guiding them.

Communication Is Critical During a Lockdown

During any emergency, uncertainty often creates more fear than facts.

NASP recommends providing timely, clear, and direct communication to students, staff, and families throughout a lockdown. Adults should model calm behavior, use developmentally appropriate language, and reassure students whenever possible.

The guidance also recommends monitoring social media for misinformation and clearly communicating whether there is an actual imminent threat to the school, as the perception of danger alone can significantly affect emotional well-being.

This is where modern emergency management technology can play a valuable role.

Platforms like Sight On Scene help schools quickly communicate with staff, provide emergency notifications, share live situational updates, and give administrators real-time visibility into what's happening throughout the building. Features such as live security camera access, interactive maps, and secure staff messaging can help leaders make informed decisions while reducing confusion during rapidly evolving situations.

Recovery Begins After the Lockdown Ends

A lockdown doesn't truly end when the doors are unlocked.

NASP emphasizes that schools should continue supporting students and staff after an event by:

• Communicating with parents and caregivers.

• Coordinating reunification efforts when necessary.

• Evaluating the response with staff.

• Recognizing that emotional reactions may not appear immediately.

• Providing access to mental health support for anyone who needs it.

Recovery is an essential part of preparedness.

Supporting Students After a Stressful Event

Children process stressful experiences differently than adults.

Some may ask questions immediately, while others may not express concerns until days or weeks later. NASP encourages schools and families to:

• Give students opportunities to talk about their feelings.

• Use drawing, writing, music, reading, or imaginative play to help children express emotions.

• Review school safety procedures in reassuring ways.

• Maintain consistent routines, healthy sleep, regular meals, and physical activity.

• Watch for changes in appetite, sleep, or behavior that could indicate anxiety, and seek help from mental health professionals if concerns persist.

These simple but intentional steps can help children regain a sense of normalcy and security.

School Safety Means Protecting Both Bodies and Minds

Effective school safety isn't measured solely by how quickly a building can be secured. It's also measured by how well students and staff are supported before, during, and after an emergency.

By implementing thoughtful lockdown procedures, communicating clearly, collaborating with mental health professionals, and equipping staff with modern emergency management tools, schools can build environments that are both physically secure and emotionally supportive.

Preparedness should leave students feeling confident—not fearful.

Source

National Association of School Psychologists. Mitigating Negative Psychological Effects of School Lockdowns (2022). Guidance on planning, conducting, and recovering from school lockdowns, including recommendations for minimizing psychological harm while maintaining effective emergency preparedness.